2019 Posters
The following posters will be presented in the Exhibit Hall at the 2019 Gulf Coast Conference.
Abstract # 103 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:55 PM - South Lobby
ILSAC GF-6: A New Level of Performance for Engine Oils to Meet Changing Fuel Economy and Emission Standards
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Stony Brook University
With the continued modernization and improvements being made in the automotive industry, a new level of performance is required for engine oils. Engines are being built to be more durable, while also being designed for better fuel economy and to meet higher emission standards. The current GF-5 engine oil standard does not meet all the new requirements, specifically those of the USA Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) which will require the average fuel economy to be 54.5 MPG by the year 2025. While oils with lower viscosities can meet these fuel economy requirements, the oil must also maintain the engine durability, hence the need for the GF-6 performance levels.
Along with performance needs, the engine testing needs have also undergone a lot of recent changes. Older engine tests have been replaced with updated versions and brand new tests have been developed that will all need to be accounted for in the ILSAC GF-6 specification. Because of the significant number of new tests and requirements the GF-6 standard has seen numerous delays and is not expected to be finalized until Q2 of 2020. This poster will go deeper into the needs for the new GF-6 specifications along with the reasons why it has taken so long to achieve.
Abstract # 104 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
How Oil Companies can use EDXRF Technology to comply with the EPA Tier 3 Standard Requirement of Low Sulfur Fuel and other Key Applications
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) is a fast, simple, and non-destructive elemental analysis technique for the measurement of liquids, powders, and solids. It is widely applied throughout the petroleum industry: upstream at the well site, mid-stream at pipelines, storage facilities and blending operations, and down-stream at the refinery. In 2017, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implemented new regulations on the composition of fuel, which included changing the maximum allowable sulfur content from 30 parts per million (ppm) on an annual average basis down to 10 parts per million (ppm). With more stringent requirements, better tools and technology are needed to test the sulfur content of fuels, namely, gasoline and diesel. The EDXRF is the ideal analytical tool to accurately determine the sulfur content in fuel samples, conforming to not only ASTM D7220, but also meeting the requirements for the EPA Tier 3 program.
Furthermore, the EDXRF can be used to determine concentration of some elements such as manganese, lead, zinc, phosphorous, and calcium. The determination of manganese and lead content gives an indication of the anti-knock agent added to motor gasoline and Avgas to improve octane rating. Whilst the determination of zinc, phosphorous, calcium, and sulfur give an indication of the antioxidant, and anti-wear agents in lubricating oils. This poster discusses the versatile application of the EDXRF which allows end-users to effectively ascertain correct results for this desired use, and conform to international testing standards.
Abstract # 105 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:10 AM - South Lobby
Recent Improvements for ASTM D86 Distillation Testing including the Development of a New Hydrocarbon Synthetic Standard
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Spectrum Standards
ASTM D86 is the Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure and has been used across the industry for decades. It is one of the oldest test methods under the ASTM D02 Jurisdiction and we are continuously looking for ways to improve the method. This poster will take a look at some of the most recent improvements and work being done to improve the precision, usability and overall robustness of ASTM D86.
The ASTM D02 subcommittee on Volatility has launched a ruggedness study to begin testing new options for ASTM D86. With this study the committee hopes to eliminate the use of Mercury thermometers, which has been a widely discussed topic across ASTM D02, with Gallium thermometers. Another main goal of this ruggedness study is to test the newly developed Synthetic Reference Fluid. Currently toluene is used as a verification fluid for calibration and hexadecane is used at higher temperatures. The recently developed synthetic hydrocarbon standard will cover a wider range than what is currently being used. It is another goal of ASTM to harmonize standards with comparable international organization standards. In the case of ASTM D86 it is requested to harmonize it with the ISO 3405 test method for distillation. ISO recently conducted a study using higher level biodiesel blends (B30) which offered results that lie within the current precision statement. ISO will be adding distillate fuels containing up to 30% biodiesel to the scope of ISO 3405 which will also have to be taken into account during the study within ASTM in order to harmonize the methods. All of the aforementioned changes will bring overall improvements to the ASTM D86 test method.
Abstract # 107 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:15 PM - South Lobby
Recent Advances in Instrumentation for Viscosity Testing and a Comparative Analysis with Newly Developed Viscometry Instrumentation
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Stony Brook University
- Omnitek B.V.
Many petroleum products are tested for their viscosity, thus making viscosity testing an essential focus in our industry. Therefore, it is important to hold a high standard for the instrumentation used for viscosity testing. Recently, there has been a push to improve the viscosity instrumentation available in the market, to help simplify the testing procedure while maintaining accurate results. These new instruments are easy to use with automatic operations, produce accurate and consistent results, can test many samples per hour, can handle a wide variety of samples, use only a small amount of sample and cleaning solvent, and are manageable to service. Additionally, instrumentation using both Ubbelohde and Houillon tube designs has seen these improvements. These advances as well as recent changes in the ASTM methods are discussed in this paper. When considering ASTM methods, the newly developed instruments can be used for ASTM D445, ASTM D446, ASTM D2170, ASTM D2171, ASTM D2270, and ASTM D7279. Overall, the recent advances in viscosity instrumentation will serve our industry efficiently and effectively for years to come.
Abstract # 108 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:35 PM - South Lobby
A Review of Biodiesel Testing Specifications and their Use in Middle Distillate Fuels
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Stony Brook University
- Stony Brook University
When considering middle distillate fuels, biodiesel is a good alternative as a result of its carbon neutral footprint, sustainability, and economic viability. Recently, there has been improvements in biodiesel quality testing, by developing better test methods. Without sufficient testing, biodiesel can create various issues when used as a fuel, such as engine clogging. One of such test methods is ASTM D6751, the Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock and Distillate Fuel. This specification sets requirements for B100 fuels, which must be tested in accordance with various test methods.
ASTM D6751 is an important method for biodiesel fuels since biodiesel production and consumption is growing in the United States, and the test method ensures that the biodiesel meets the consumer’s standards. With growing concerns of climate change and an increasing demand for fuel sources, biodiesel will be seen as a more tasteful fuel alternative for years to come. This poster will discuss the current state of biodiesel in the fuel market, and will review the significance requirements and recent changes of the various biodiesel test methods referenced in ASTM D6751.
Abstract # 109 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:30 AM - South Lobby
Vapor Pressure Measurement Technology: Analysis of the effects of Temperature on Vapor Pressure for Various Oil Samples
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- TEK Data Systems
- Stony Brook University
Vapor pressure is a property that is commonly tested for in the petroleum industry. In recent years, instrumentation to test for vapor pressure has seen some tremendous developments, which greatly improve the testing procedure. These new instruments align with ASTM D5191 and ASTM D6378, utilize automated procedures and only require small amounts of sample. By revolutionizing the vapor pressure testing field, the recently developed instruments have become the new standard for vapor pressure testing.
Making use of the new instrumentation, the effects of temperature on the vapor pressure of a sample can be studied rapidly and accurately. Generally, as the temperature of a sample increases, the vapor pressure also increases. The degree of the vapor pressure increase varies depending on the properties of the sample: its molecular weight and chemical composition are two of these properties. This poster will use one of these recently developed vapor pressure instruments to measure the vapor pressure of various oil samples, and will analyze the changes across a temperature range for those samples. The paper will also discuss thermodynamic characterization of base oil viscosity and vapor pressure.
Abstract # 110 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:50 AM - South Lobby
Evaluation of a Piston Ring Coating on the Oscillation Wear and Friction with use of Unique Pre-Screening SRV Instrumentation
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Stony Brook University
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
In an engine, the piston group accounts for approximately 50% of frictional losses, contributing to significant fuel inefficiencies. With market demands for higher and higher fuel performances, the piston ring only increases in its load. With the use of a cost-effective Schwing, Reib, Verschleiss (SRV) instrument, the friction, wear, and load carrying capacity can be pre-screened, to determine which components perform better in an engine. By further understanding the piston-cylinder-contact assembly, engineers and scientists can further improve the piston ring and cylinder liner interaction.
The recently advanced SRV laboratory technique can also be used as a tool to study and solve various tribological problems. It is a diverse model for evaluating the friction and wear properties of greases, lubricants, coatings, additives, and other materials. Additionally, the SRV instrument is in compliance with many ASTM, ISO, and DIN testing standards. As a result of its versatile application, the SRV has the ability to be implemented in many practical setups. This paper will dwell into detail of how this technique can be used for evaluating a variety of piston ring coatings.
Abstract # 119 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 2:15 PM - South Lobby
Eco-based Lubricants and Greases: A Study that Looks at both Sides of the Coin
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
The importance of environmentally sustainable products has become paramount in recent years due to the adverse effects of climate change on our environment. As more and more countries push for legislation regulating the use of fossil fuels and their related byproducts, it has become a challenge for companies within these industries to find eco-friendly alternatives to fossil fuels that provide the same quality of product and are also economically viable. The research conducted for this paper will be used to discern the advantages and disadvantages of bio-lubricants and to ultimately determine if they can be used as a viable substitute to conventional mineral based lubricants. While this may seem like a subject that has been well studied, there are always pros and cons related to a sea change and moving to biolubricants and greases in lieu of conventional products is no exception. In this paper we will evaluate both sides of the coin, looking at the real versus perceived environmental benefits, potential applications, and means of production surrounding vegetable oil based lubricants ( and greases ) to see if they are really sustainable processes. We will also study the applicability of these biobased lubricants in the conditions and environments where conventional lubricants are commonly used and see how they perform.
Abstract # 120 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 2:35 PM - South Lobby
Gas-to-Liquids: The Future of Fuel Technology or a Mere Pipe Dream
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Koehler Instrument Company, INC
The process of gas-to-liquids, GTL, converts natural gases into useful hydrocarbon liquids such as diesel and gasoline through catalysis. GTL process is accomplished by first converting natural gas to synthetic gas through partial oxidation, CH4+½O2→CO+2H2, and then to liquid hydrocarbons using a catalyst. At first glance, this process is more environmentally friendly and produces superior quality products compared to using crude oil. However, the uncertainty of large-scale production and investment risks due to high estimated capital costs leaves GTL in doubt. In this paper, we will study the pros and cons of the fuel produced by the GTL process compared to using crude oil with regards to their quality, environmental benefits, and viability/profitability. Looking at both sides of the coin, we will discuss in detail whether GTL is a reliable, profitable, and pragmatic method to supply world’s energy needs.
Abstract # 122 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 2:55 PM - South Lobby
Development of a screening method using a translatory oscillation tribometer (SRV®) to test extreme pressure and anti-wear properties of gear oils
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
Gear Oils are used in a wide range of applications and depending on the application, different performance factors of the lubricant are important and must be evaluated. For many applications, including industrial machinery and automotive driveline components, it is ideal to have an antiscuff gear lubricant, or an extreme pressure (EP) type of lubricant. These types of lubricants typically have additives to enhance their load-carrying capacity making them ideal for heavy load, slow speed conditions.
Testing the scuffing load and extreme pressure properties of a gear oil is not a simple test. A test rig was developed by FZG (the Technical Institute for the Study of Gears and Drive Mechanisms of the Technical University in Munich, Germany) to measure the scuffing load capacity of lubricants as per ISO 14635. While this test provides vital information in regards to scuffing load, it is a very expensive and time consuming test to run and is not feasible to test every gear oil formulation that one might need. To help narrow down which gear oils should be tested using the FZG rig, a test was developed using the Translatory Oscillation Tribometer (SRV®) to screen gear oils and in addition, give complementary information by measuring the coefficient of friction, wear scar, and load carrying capacity.
The SRV® Tribometer is an invaluable tool for evaluating friction and wear properties which can now be applied to EP and Anti-wear (AW) testing of gear oils. The method used is based on DIN 51834-4 and is done on a translatory oscillation tester equipped for parallel movement. The results of the EP and AW tests on the SRV test rig are able to help characterize and differentiate gear oils in minimal time. The results are a good indication of how the lubricant will behave and serve as a pre-screener to determine which oils should go on for further bench tests and field use. In addition to the pre-screening results, this method will also yield results of coefficient of friction, wear volume and estimations for the load carrying capacity. This poster will show how the tests were developed, how the results compare to the FZG test and how the SRV can be used to provide a meaningful evaluation of gear oils.
Abstract # 125 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:15 PM - South Lobby
Study of the ROBO Oxidation Test Technique and Instrumentation: Current and Future Potential for use with Upcoming Oil Specifications
- Koehler Instrument Company
- Koehler Instrument Company
- Koehler Instrument Company
With an increasing demand for superior emission and fuel economy standards in modern engines, the automobile industry must be prepared to supplement these changes with the development of higher performance engine oils. Before an engine oil can be introduced to the consumer market, however, the oil must undergo significant testing for several properties, according to standards set by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC). One such property is the oil’s viscosity at low temperatures, which may cause catastrophic engine failure from poor pumpability and deposit formation.
The Romaszewski Oil Bench Oxidation (ROBO) test, developed for the API SN and ILSAC GF-5 specification, is a strong alternative to the Sequence IIIGA test that has long been used to evaluate cold-temperature viscosity of an aged oil. The ROBO test is able to duplicate the oil aging mechanism of Sequence IIIGA test results in a fast and cost-effective manner, while allowing for the assessment of oil viscosity with several other test methods. This paper is an attempt to be a comprehensive literature review on the work done on the ROBO test method so far. This paper will therefore take a close analysis into the development and applications of the ROBO test, as well as present a comparison with the Sequence IIIGA test method. We will discuss the various advantages and any possible drawbacks regarding the use of ROBO. We will also discuss the current and future potential of the ROBO test, including its use in the development of future oil specifications such as ILSAC GF-6.
Abstract # 127 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:35 PM - South Lobby
Development of a New Instrument and Test Technique to Study Low Temperature Mobility of Lubricating Greases
- Koehler Instrument Company
- Koehler Instrument Company
- Koehler Instrument Company
Greases are primarily used to increase the mobility of an object against another. The viscosity of grease becomes high enough at low temperatures where it congeals and stops flowing. Currently, a few experimental techniques, such as the US Steel Grease Mobility, the Lincoln Ventmeter, and the Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases (ASTM D1092) Methods are used to study low temperature properties of greases. DIN Method 51805, also called the Kesternich Method, has been used in Europe to gain a better understanding of low temperature properties of greases. In this paper, we study the development of a new instrument and procedure akin to the Kesternich Method. We evaluate a wide range of greases and compare their low temperature properties with the newly developed instrument and attempt to generate a new test procedure along with repeatability for this technique.
Abstract # 128 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
Tribological Performance Testing of Industrial Greases
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Optimol Instruments
The diversity of lubricating grease species, each with their own complexity and philosophy, raises the demand for the diversification of existing screening methods even in model testing. This article presents an overview of existing standard methods as well as application-oriented testing procedures, which can be used for evaluating friction, wear, and extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases in a model tribometer. For lubricant developers, the SRV® technology platform offers not only testing according to the established test methods and relevant standards, but also the possibility of testing new products in application-oriented load situations. The testing according to standards can be used as a screening test for the grease chemistry and the flow properties of the grease sample. However, it reflects the potential real-life operating conditions of a product in only a very limited way. This poster will present test scenarios for such application-oriented friction and wear tests through a few selected examples: (1) effect of wear particles on the lubricity of a lubricating grease; (2) high temperature fretting behavior of industrial greases; and (3) simplified examination of rolling/sliding friction of high performance greases that can be used as a FE8/FE9 rolling bearing prescreening test.
Abstract # 129 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
Quantitation of Biofuel Components in Jet Fuel Using GCxGC-TOFMS with a New Flow-based Modulator
- LECO Corporation
As the trend toward “greener,” renewable biofuels becomes more prevalent, concerns over pipeline cross-contamination and mixing are addressed through more rigorous analytical testing. For jet fuels, especially, regulated methods like IP585 and ASTM D7974 respectively address the accurate quantitation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which impact jet fuel freezing points and can cause fuel gelling to occur, and determination of specific hydrocarbons in synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) used for blending with jet fuel. Utilizing two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS), methods for determination of FAMEs and SIP hydrocarbons using a new diverting flow modulator have been developed.
Abstract # 130 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:50 AM - South Lobby
Petroleum Biomarkers Around the World: Fingerprinting Crude Oils
- LECO Corporation
The type and concentration of different hopane and sterane structures can provide unique identifiers for specific oil sources. Crude oil samples collected from different continents are compared using a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry system (GCxGC-TOFMS) equipped with a new, robust, and easy-to-use flow-based modulator. Resolution of multi-ringed hopanes and steranes from straight-chained and branched alkanes is achieved using the power of a second dimension of chromatographic separation. Using TOFMS with better-than-nominal mass resolution allows for more confident differentiation of each biomarker, providing the option for matching full mass range spectra to both commercial and user-generated spectral libraries.
Abstract # 133 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with Orbitrap mass spectrometry applied to flavor and fragrance analysis
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
- SepSolve
High Resolution/Accurate Mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS) has become a popular detector for GCxGC as it provides full-scan analysis with high-quality mass spectra and excellent sensitivity and selectivity, especially for trace level detections. Orbitrap mass spectrometry is superior to detect low concentration unknowns and elucidate their chemical formula with sub ppm mass accuracy and extremely wide dynamic range, which dramatically increases confident identification. In this study, an HRAM Orbitrap analyser was coupled with a GCxGC using reversed flow modulation for flavor and fragrance analysis. Different subtypes of lavender oils were analyzed. The complex matrices and coelution are significant challenges for one-dimensional (1D) GC-MS. Diverse structurally similar isomers can be still problematic even HRAM mass spectrometry is applied due to the exact same masses for both molecular and fragment ions. The flow-modulated GCxGC-Orbitrap MS can effectively address this issue and separate multiple chemical classes such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated terpenes that co-eluted in one-dimensional separation. Excellent mass accuracy over a wide dynamic range was achieved as well.
Abstract # 134 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 4:15 PM - South Lobby
The implementation of the newly devised Analytical Performance Value (APV) methodology to assess the performance capabilities of laboratory instruments, specifically for the petroleum industry
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
- Agilent Technologies
- Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.
A need for the simplified review of method performance capability based on precision statement is required for commercial analytical instruments. A simplified applied statistical approach would benefit and assist laboratory managers, process engineers, commercial traders, lab chemists, lab technicians and operators. The numerical expression rating system based on performance relative to two or more points within the operating value of each parameter is defined in any standard method containing full precision, and is defined as repeatability and reproducibility. A process and computational expression is described and defined as analytical performance value (APV).
This newly devised performance value would be contained in any standard method for use as a quantitative evaluation of test method performance. The proposed technique is to define a systematic method which provides for establishing an analytical performance value based on precision criteria relative to parameter measurements. The APV can be expressed as a scaled value percentage, which can then be used to assess acceptability and capability of the instrument or test method. This poster discusses the derivation of the APV methodology and analyzes two examples from the oil and gas industry of a repeatability and reproducibility assessment by applying the APV technique to these two ASTM methods.
Abstract # 136 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:50 AM - South Lobby
The Application of Ion-mobility Enabled Mass Spectrometry to Distinguish Between Commercial Lubricant Oils.
- Waters
- Waters
- Waters
- Waters
Lubricant oils are used in many commercial settings, from the automotive and aerospace industries, to oil well drilling rigs, to specialist metalworking machinery; in fact, lubricant oils may be present in any application where surfaces might contact one another and friction become a problem. Many different formulations of lubricant oils are manufactured to address their wide range of uses.
High resolution mass spectrometry enables the accurate mass measurement of ions from which molecular information may be derived. The specificity of the approach is further enhanced by ion-mobility which provides information related to the size, shape and charge of the ions.
A simple workflow, combing ion-mobility with high resolution mass spectrometry followed by statistical analysis of the acquired data, is presented. This technique is used to discover differences between five automotive lubricant oils at the molecular level. This approach could be used to compare similar products, understand the differences between poorly and correctly performing oils, or deformulate competitors’ products.
Abstract # 137 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:10 AM - South Lobby
Group-Type Analysis of Petroleum Products by GC × GC using Complementary GC Column selectivity
- Phenomenex
- Phenomenex
- SepSolve Analytical
- SepSolve Analytical
- SepSolve Analytical
Precise characterization of petroleum-derived fuels is important for the oil industry and environmental monitoring alike. However, it is a tedious and difficult task to identify each of the thousands of individual components present in these complex samples. Group-type analysis using comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) offers significant advantages over conventional chromatography, with its vastly expanded separation space and the added benefit of highly structured groupings of compounds for simple classification of hydrocarbons. To separate complex species by GC×GC, it is essential to have a highly efficient column dimension and a complementary column selectivity. High temperature resistance and flexibility of the GC column tubing are an added advantage for GC×GC. In addition, complementary selectivities like Zebron ZB-1HT Inferno, which is a non-polar 100% dimethypolysiloxane based stationary phase and Zebron ZB-50, which is a higher-polar 50% phenyl phase, offer improved separation for group type analysis. Here we demonstrate the use of reverse fill/flush flow modulation with complementary set of column chemistry for robust, repeatable and affordable GC×GC, combined with simple, yet effective, data processing workflows for group-type analysis
Abstract # 138 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:30 AM - South Lobby
Cis-Trans FAMEs in Fuels by GC and GCxGC using Zebron® ZB-FAME GC Column
- Phenomenex
- Phenomenex
- Seton Hall University
- Seton Hall University
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) are a big threat in aviation fuels as well as in biofuels. Accurate quantitation and separation of cis-trans in the lower and higher boiling FAMEs is essential from a quality control perspective, as well as from a safety perspective. In this presentation, a Zebron ZB-FAME GC column is utilized to accurately characterize FAMEs in Fuels by GC-MS. Traditional selectivity, like a 100 % polyethylene glycol phase, may only have a few coelutions of FAMEs, while the ZB-FAME GC column coupled with a mass spectrometry based detection will provide an excellent separation of cis and trans FAMEs along with lower level detection. Traditional higher cyano phase selectivities take an hour to separate cis-trans FAMEs, while the ZB-FAME can separate them within 11 minutes. This approach was also extended to a GCxGC using a ZB-FAME in the first dimension and a 5 % phenyl selectivity in the second dimension which together provide a detailed orthogonal separation. Thus, an analysis of fuels by GC-MS and GCxGC using ZB-FAME assures the safety in aviation fuels.
Abstract # 139 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:50 AM - South Lobby
Detailed Hydrocarbons Analysis of Fuel by using High Efficient Column Dimensions
- Phenomenex
- Phenomenex
There are hundreds of chemical components in spark ignition fuels, and so to make the testing and regulation manageable they are measured in categories by chemical group-type. These category group-types are based on molecular similarities that give them common performance behaviors. These tests are referred to as Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis (DHA) which includes several test methods that measure different hydrocarbon subset or group-type categories. DHA identifies the important individual components in spark ignition fuels and other refinery light hydrocarbon process streams. Common refinery naphthas are virgin, alkylate, reformate, FCC and Coker, and finished spark ignition fuels. This technique is also referred to as PONA, PIONA, or PIANO analysis since specific test methods are measuring the group-type paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatics, and oxygenates. The DHA analysis helps optimize the production processes in addition to meeting the regulatory requirements. In this study, ZB-DHA-PONA is utilized for group type separation. It’s unique Engineered Self Cross-linking™(ESC) stationary phase provides low bleed and exceptional column life, extreme deactivation of the fused silica provides sharp peaks for polar and non polar compounds and the stationary phase is a true boiling point based separating phase. All these features provides the benefit of optimal separation of DHA critical pairs with symmetric peaks. Columns are available in high efficient dimension and are designed and Tested for Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis. They provide excellent response and Peak Symmetry for Polar Oxygenates, suitable for DHA, PONA, PIONA, PIANO, and ASTM Methods (D5134, D5441, D5501, D6729, D6730, D6733).
Abstract # 141 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:15 PM - South Lobby
Application of GC×GC-VUV and GC×GC-FID for the analysis of common gasoline samples, middle distillates and crude oil distillation cuts
- Phenomenex
- ASG Analytik-Service
- ASG Analytik-Service
- ASG Analytik-Service
- Phenomenex
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography has made its way to lab routine for several years now. One of the most frequent utilizations of this instrumentation is the analysis of middle distillates like diesel fuel, heating oil or jet fuel. In most cases GC×GC technique is achieved by thermal modulation and FID or mass spectrometry for detection. An alternative is provided by flow modulation, a reliable modulation for a broad temperature range without consumption of LN2. This makes it an optimal instrument for the analysis of gasoline samples. The analysis of gasoline is usually accomplished following the European standard DIN EN ISO 22854, ASTM D6839, respectively. Up to now, there is only one manufacturer supplying an analytical instrument that complies with these standards. Moreover, high concentration of e.g. methanol, which is coming up in some countries, is not covered by these standards and there are no precision statements therefore. Deviations from the common composition of gasoline can be problematic or even harmful to the applied instrument (e.g. high amounts of MeOH, EtOH, H2O or high boilers). Therefore a more detailed insight in the composition is not possible. Now, a promising new technique can be reported, which is described by ASTM D8071. This analytical method applies GC-Vacuum Ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV) for the quantitative determination of the content of n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatics and oxygenates in common gasoline. In addition, it is possible to detect and identify di-olefins with unconjugated and conjugated double bonds. In the presented work, the application of GC×GC –VUV and a possible transition to GC×GC –FID were tested. The hyphenation of both techniques results in a powerful new analytical method. Although, at the current state of the software, it is not possible to exploit the full potential, it is obvious what these techniques provide for the future. For the analysis of gasoline, this technique will overcome the weakness of both instruments. Low concentrated analytes like di-olefins can clearly be identified using VUV detection and the increased sensitivity can be achieved from the two-dimensional GC separation.
Abstract # 143 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:35 PM - South Lobby
Orthogonal Selectivity for Separation of oxygenated compounds and hydrocarbons in alternative fuels by 2D GC using Zebron® ZB-1701™ and ZB-1™ GC Columns
- Phenomenex
- Phenomenex
- Phenomenex
The need to diversify energy sources in the transportation field has sparked great interest in direct coal liquefaction products. Before processing, these liquids properties and compositions are far from fuel specifications and upgrading must be applied to the gas oil cuts. In fact, they consist mainly of aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclic alkanes (naphthenes), and heteroatomic compounds, especially oxygenated species. To consider their co-refining with petroleum cuts, it is crucial to study their chemical and physical properties. Apart from the hydrocarbons, the requirements in terms of molecular characterization improvement concern oxygenated compounds which belong to many different chemical families and are present in relatively high concentrations before hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Multidimensional Gas Chromatography has never been at stake to surmount this challenge. Yet, this powerful tool allows the analysis of complex samples and offers a high peak capacity by combining two different stationary phases with different separation mechanisms. Results obtained using GC×GC-FID enabled to unravel molecular structures of oxygenated compounds in a coal-derived middle distillate. It shows that oxygenated structures mainly consist in phenolic compounds. Compared to conventional configurations, a reversed configuration involving a highly polar column in the first dimension and a non-polar one in the second enables the separation of oxygenates but also hydrocarbons in one single run. In fact, 2D contour plots obtained in these conditions exhibit good resolution and high space occupation. Nevertheless, nitrogenates elute in the same zone as oxygenates and a proper quantification is therefore hardly reachable. Limitations of GC×GC can also be overcome by using a multi-technical analytical approach involving sample preparation or fractionation.
Abstract # 150 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants according to ASTM 5291 by an automatic elemental analyzer
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
Elemental analysis is fundamental in petroleum chemistry. The official method for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen analysis in petroleum products and lubricants, based on combustion, is described in ASTM D5291. Using the Test Method D levels of 0.01 N% in lubricants can be determined. The FlashSmart Elemental Analyzer permits the simultaneous determination of CHN. The analyzer is equipped with two independent furnaces allowing the installation of two analytical circuits which are used alternatively and automatic through the Multi Valve Control Module. This paper presents CHN data of petroleum products and lubricants to evaluate the accuracy, precision and repeatability of the data.
Abstract # 169 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:50 AM - South Lobby
Enhanced Stability performance test of Total Sulfur Content in Diesel Fuel Samples According ASTM D5453
- EST Analytical
ASTM Method D5453 is commonly used to determine total sulfur in liquid hydrocarbons. The boiling range of these hydrocarbons can vary from 25 to 400ºC. This method calls for the sample to be directly injected or placed in a sample boat and then inserted into a high temperature tube for combustion where the sample is oxidized into sulfur dioxide (SO2). The sample is exposed to ultraviolet light and detected by a photomultiplier. This application will examine the total sulfur content of diesel fuel samples using the NexiS Total Nitrogen/Total Sulfur combustion analyzer.
Abstract # 186 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:10 AM - South Lobby
Determination of Low Level Nitrogen and Sulfur In Light Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- EST Analytical
- EST Analytical
- EST Analytical
In 2000, the EPA implemented the Tier 2 Gasoline Sulfur program. This program reduced the allowable sulfur content in gasoline to 15ppm and NOx content to 0.07g/mile. The Tier 2 program was initiated out of the Clean Air Act requirement of the Environmental Protection Agency. In 2017, a Tier 3 program was applied requiring even lower sulfur and nitrogen content in gasoline and diesel. The new emission standards combined with the lowered sulfur content will reduce much of the toxic emissions including nitrogen oxides from motor vehicles. Due to these new regulations there is a need for better analysis of low level Nitrogen and Sulfur.
Abstract # 188 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Analysis of Sulfur and Other Elements in Petroleum Products
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a non-destructive, simple, and rapid technique for elemental analysis of solids, powders and liquids. Compared to other elemental analysis techniques, such as atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, XRF involves minimal sample preparation and relatively fast acquisition times, making it an ideal instrument for use not only in the laboratory, but at petroleum well-sites and refineries. In 2017, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enacted Tier 3 regulations on sulfur content in fuels which changed the maximum allowable sulfur content from 30 parts per million on an average annual basis to 10 parts per million. In addition to the Tier 3 regulations, the International Marine Organization (IMO) will implement on January 2020 a directive to reduce sulfur in marine/bunker fuels to less than 0.5 percent. With more stringent criteria on sulfur content due to the EPA Tier 3 program and IMO directive, and in combination with XRF’s overall simplicity, XRF spectroscopy is now becoming an essential part of petroleum product elemental analysis.
There are two general types of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; energy dispersive (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive (WDXRF). ASTM has methods for sulfur analysis in petroleum products by both WDXRF (ASTM D7039) and EDXRF (ASTM D4294). This poster discusses the differences between the WDXRF and EDXRF methods. Both pros and cons of each method are addressed including; sample analysis time, limits of quantification, laboratory footprint, and spectral resolution. We discuss the differences between the two methods by analyzing the same jet fuel sample on both a Shimadzu EDX-7000 (EDXRF) and Shimadzu XRF-1800 (WDXRF). We also discuss the versatility of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in quantifying other elements besides sulfur. For example, Pb spectra, which is important for understanding the anti-knock capability of the fuel, were collected on both instruments and compared. Overall, this poster acts as a facilitator in discussing WDXRF and EDXRF elemental analysis of petroleum products.
Abstract # 190 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:10 AM - South Lobby
Characterization of Fire-Related Contaminants Released from PVC Pipe
- Middle Tennessee State University
- Middle Tennessee State University
- Middle Tennessee State University
Recent wildfires in California has led to the contamination of drinking water. The release of contaminants was related to the burning of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. Both the direct emission of contaminants from the burning PVC pipes and the leaching of compounds from burned PVC pipes into water were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry. Harmful constituents including carbon monoxide, benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, and methyl methacrylate were quantified. In addition, chlorinated compounds including chlorine dioxide, 1-chlorobutane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and hydrogen chloride were also detected. The cancer risks and adverse health effects of these compounds are discussed.
Abstract # 192 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:30 AM - South Lobby
A Robust Column For The Analysis of Benzene and Toluene in Motor and Aviation Fuel Containing Ethanol and/or Butanol Blend by ASTM D3606-17
- Restek Corp
Laboratories facing the challenge of quantifying both benzene and toluene in finished motor and aviation fuel containing ethanol, must use the modified ASTM D-3606-17 method mandated by the US EPA. This column set prevents the co-elution of benzene with ethanol thus assuring accurate quantification of benzene. Toluene quantitation is straight forward in that there are no co-elution issues. The scope of the method for quantifying benzene is 0.1% to 5% by volume and the toluene range is 2% to 20% by volume. With the addition of butanol blended fuel slowly entering the market, this same packed column set with a slight modification of the GC oven parameters and also uses methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as the internal standard can be used for the analysis of ethanol free gasoline containing butanol blend with no concerns of inconsistent retention times and/or co-elutions of critical components. This packed column set will satisfy both part A and Part B of the D 3606-17 method.
Abstract # 197 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
Dual-channel GC×GC-FID for the analysis of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH)
- SepSolve Analytical
- SepSolve Analytical
- SepSolve Analytical
- SepSolve Analytical
- SepSolve Analytical
The determination of aliphatic/aromatic compounds when performing Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis is typically a lengthy process – with time-consuming sample fractionation and multiple analyses per sample.
Here we show how the enhanced separation capacity of GCxGC-FID eliminates the need for offline sample fractionation.
Furthermore, a dual-channel configuration can be used to double the sample throughput per instrument - increasing productivity, reducing bench space and lowering installation costs, all while meeting the criteria set out in standard methods (e.g. TPH Criteria Working Group and Massachusetts State).
Abstract # 204 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:50 AM - South Lobby
Detailed analysis of lubricant deterioration using multiple analyzers
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments
- Shimadzu Corporation
- Shimadzu Corporation
- Shimadzu Corporation
- Shimadzu Corporation
- Shimadzu Corporation
Lubricants are a critical component of combustion engines and serve to lubricate, cool, protect, and clean the internal components of engines. Through use, lubricants degrade due to thermal, physical, and chemical stresses, causing their properties to change. Such degradation of lubricants can lead to a decrease in their utility, excess wear on engine components, and an increase in the potential for malfunction. As such, it is critical to assess the deterioration of a lubricant through its lifespan.
Here, we present results of the use of three analyzers used for condition monitoring of lubricants, including FTIR, GC, and ICP-OES. FTIR is used to assess changes in the molecular composition of lubricants, including oxidation and nitration throughout use, as well as the breakdown of protective compounds, such as anti-oxidants throughout use. Gas chromatography is used to assess fuel dilution, or the incorporation of unburnt fuel into the lubricant, which decreases the lubricants viscosity and lubricating abilities. Lastly, we demonstrate the use of ICP-OES for assessing the incorporation of wear metals or degradation of elemental lubricant additives that can be indicative of the need for changing the lubricant.
For the three analysis methods outlined above, we demonstrate compliance with common test methods, such as ASTM E2412, D2425, D7593, D5185, and D4951, ensuring that these analyzers yield results that are widely acceptable for lubricant condition monitoring.
Abstract # 205 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
Analysis of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fuels by ASTM D6379 and D6591 on a Single HPLC Platform
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc.
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments
Determining the aromatic content of hydrocarbon fuels is crucial to assessing their combustion characteristics and compliance with environmental regulations. One of the longest- and most commonly-used test methods for aromatics in hydrocarbon-based fuels is ASTM D1319, a column chromatography method that separates fuel components into visible bands within the column for quantitation. Recently, one of the reagents necessary for this test became unavailable and hydrocarbon processors are searching for alternatives to ASTM D1319.
Two methods that are used for quantitation of aromatic components of fuels are ASTM D6379 and D6591, for kerosene and middle distillates (e.g., jet fuel) and diesel fuel, respectively. These methods are normal-phase, liquid chromatography methods in heptane mobile phase that separate and quantitate aromatics from fuel samples by refractive index detection.
Using a two-column set of Shim-pack™ NH2 and CN phases, we demonstrate the compliance of a single system to both methods. Furthermore, the systems exceed the method specifications for resolution laid out by ASTM and the IP, specifications commonly used in Europe. This ensures that the instrument with stay within specification without excessive column reconditioning or replacement.
The use of liquid chromatography allows for faster and more accurate separation and quantitation of aromatic components of common fuels than D1319 and does not suffer from the unavailability of reagents. Compliance with both methods on a single platform furthers the versatility of the instrument for laboratories with diverse needs.
Abstract # 207 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 2:15 PM - South Lobby
Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection
- OI Analytical
- PerkinElmer Inc.
Natural gas and other gaseous fuels naturally contain varying amounts and classes of sulfur compounds, which can be odorous, corrosive to equipment, and inhibit or destroy catalysts used in gas processing. Even trace amounts of sulfur can be destructive to processing. Sulfur is also added in small amounts, 1 to 4 ppmv, to natural gas and other petroleum products for safety purposes. Accurate identification and measurement of sulfur species is critical in the petroleum industry. The analysis of sulfur compounds can be challenging due to their reactivity and instability during sampling and analysis. This poster will describe the analysis of sulfur in various matrices using a PerkinElmer Clarus™ 590 GC coupled with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection.
Abstract # 215 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 2:55 PM - South Lobby
Light Hydrocarbons on the Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC with a Gas Sampling Valve and new PLOT Intuvo GC columns
- Agilent Technologies
- Agilent Technologies
This work describes a method for analysis of a standard hydrocarbon gas mixture with the Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC and the new PLOT Intuvo GC columns. The system featured a gas sampling valve, a postcolumn D1/D2 detector splitter chip, and detection by flame ionization and thermal conductivity. Results were comparable, in terms of retention time and peak response, for both detectors in the flow path.
Abstract # 219 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 2:35 PM - South Lobby
Analysis of Trace Elements in Crude Oil by High Resolution Array ICP-OES based on ASTM D7691
- Analytik Jena
- Analytik Jena
Determining the contents of trace metals and other undesirable elements prior to refining is a crucial step in the refining process. Certain metals can poison catalysts or lead to corrosion of production equipment, others are relevant due to their environmental impact. Analysis of oil samples by ICP-OES after dilution with suitable solvents, ashing, or acid digestion is a common analytical procedure. This work discusses different methods of sample preparation, and highlights how high resolution and extreme matrix handling capabilities can drasticallyt improve analytical performance in the oil laboratory.
Abstract # 220 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 2:55 PM - South Lobby
Analysis of Elemental Impurities in Naphtha by ICP-MS according to ASTM D8110-17
- Analytik Jena
- Analytik Jena
Monitoring trace metal contents in naphtha is important for various reasons. In fuel production, the presence of metals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium can form deposits and create wear on engine components. The presence of nickel can poison the expensive catalyst, while vanadium causes corrosion problems. During the refining process, the release of toxic metals into the environment has to be monitored and minimized since they are of environmental concern. Due to the typically very low element contents, ICP-MS is the method of choice. This work demonstrates the performance of the PlasmaQuant MS and its unmatched tolerance to organic solvents, which allow routine analysis of highly volatile samples according to ASTM D8110-17 with results exceeding the requirements for accuracy and plasma stability over time, and discusses the unique technologies enabling such performance.
Abstract # 223 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:15 PM - South Lobby
Moving Method D3606 from Packed to Capillary Column Technology
- PerkinElmer
- PerkinElmer
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the amount of benzene allowed in gasoline specifying ASTM method D3606-10. The resolution of benzene from ethanol using the packed column method is a challenge. The ubiquitous use of ethanol as a blend component of gasoline makes it necessary to improve the method. In addition, butanol has been approved for use in gasoline which the scope of D3606-10 does not cover. PerkinElmer has revised D3606 to capillary technology enhancing the resolution and accuracy of benzene for oxygenated blends. This presentation provides updates from the ASTM ILS steering committee leader including method parameters, validation studies and future status of the improved method.
Abstract # 224 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:15 PM - South Lobby
Tracing Isotope fingerprints in crude oil for petroleum exploration assessment by using GC-IRMS
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
Materials from nature and industrial processes have a fingerprint, a unique chemical signature embedded in their structure. Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) can visualize isotope fingerprints of hydrocarbons and their precursors involved in the process of fossil fuel production. This poster presents how isotope fingerprints are used in analysis of crude oil by GC coupled with IRMS. By getting the unique information contained in isotope fingerprints, the source and formation of crude oil can be assessed. Here presented pristane and phytane isotope analysis in crude oil require highly efficient GC separation and are well known biomarkers providing biogeochemical information.
Abstract # 232 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 4:35 PM - South Lobby
TGA-GC/MS coupling: Quantification of low-content styrene–butadiene rubber in natural rubber
- Mettler Toledo
Thermogravimetric-analysis(TGA) is often used to characterize the composition of blends. However, low content components are difficult to quantify by TGA. One solution is to couple the TGA to an evolved-gas-analyzer such as FTIR or MS. However, often, many decomposition products evolve simultaneously. Consequently, only the main products can be identified and can overlap compounds with lower concentration. A chromatographic separation is therefore necessary to identify the simultaneously evolved products. The TGA can be coupled to a GC/MS by means of a heated storage interface(IST). The feasibility of using TGA-IST-GC/MS to estimate very low amounts of styrene–butadiene(SBR) is demonstrated here..
Abstract # 240 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 11:50 AM - South Lobby
A Simple, Rapid and Efficient Method for the Extraction of Additives from Plastics
- CEM Corporation
From both a quality and safety perspective, it is important to know the composition of plastic materials. The amount of additives present within a given plastic material will affect its performance. It is important that as manufactures and ultimately consumers that we have confidence in the quality of our plastic products. Furthermore, from a safety perspective it is important to ensure that no contaminants are leaching from these materials we are continuously exposed to. The ability to extract additives from plastics with a quick and simple process is crucial to the plastics industry as plastics continue to evolve and remain abundant in our world. The EDGE offers a rapid, simple, and efficient extraction method for additives from plastics. By cominging the processes of pressurized fluid and disspersive soild phase extraction the EDGE provides filtered extracts ready for analysis in less than 15 minutes.
Abstract # 244 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
Real-Time Elemental Analysis of Liquid Fuels Using LIBS
- Applied Spctra, Inc.
- Applied Spctra, Inc.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Applied Spctra, Inc.
- Applied Spctra, Inc.
- Applied Spctra, Inc.
Trace metals in crude oil and petroleum products have several harmful effects and need to be monitored. The leading cause of aviation fuel thermal stability failures is attributed to metal traces. Typically, fuel is analyzed by ICP-OES in fixed laboratories using sophisticated equipment, expensive consumables, and time. We developed a compact fuel analyzer capable of quantifying trace elements, both in dissolved and micro-particulate form. LIBS enables rapid, direct chemical analysis and requires no sample preparation, no consumables, and does not generate acidic waste. We attained sub-ppm level sensitivity for 9 elements: vanadium, copper, magnesium, sodium, titanium, silver, aluminum, silicon and lithium. Detection limits of less than 2.5 ppm were obtained for nickel, iron, chromium and tin while the detection limit of lead was 14 ppm. The portability and the sensitivity of the prototype makes it a suitable candidate for real-time fuel analysis in the field.
Abstract # 248 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 4:15 PM - South Lobby
Acid Number of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products by Catalytic Thermometric Titration using ASTM D8045
- Metrohm USA
ASTM Standard D8045 describes the analysis of acidity in difficult crude oils and petroleum products using thermometric titration. This new technique overcomes solubility and precision challenges encountered with traditional potentiometric measurements. Thermometric titration is more precise, faster and reduces solvent requirements. Through eight years of development work at ASTM and thousands of sample measurements, this new standard is shown to be rugged, robust and transportable across many labs and technicians. This poster provides a clear analysis of data acquired with this new method and details the benefits of thermometric titration for safer and more precise acidity analysis.
Abstract # 258 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:35 PM - South Lobby
Evaluation of a High Temperature Polyethylene Glycol GC column with Increased Temperature Limit and Ultra-Low Bleed Level
- Agilent Technologies
100 % polyethylene glycol (PEG) columns, also known as WAX columns, are polar GC columns used for a wide variety of applications, such as industrial chemicals and petrochemicals analyses. Despite their popularity however, traditional WAX columns are often limited by their maximum operating temperatures. This is in part due to the high bleed, degradation and decreased thermal stability of PEG polymers at elevated temperatures. The Agilent J&W DB-HeavyWAX is a WAX-type column engineered to overcome these limitations. DB-HeavyWAX provide extended temperature limit, up to 280 °C isothermal and 290 °C programmed and increased thermal stability, increasing injection-to-injection retention time reproducibility and column lifetime. In this research work, we show how a higher upper temperature limit allows for faster analysis, and better retention time reproducibility while minimizing possibility of carryover from sample to sample.
Abstract # 259 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 3:55 PM - South Lobby
Reliable, ASTM-compliant Sulfur Analysis by GC with Shimadzu's SCD-2030
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments
Sulfur analysis is a critical component of product testing, process control, and QA/QC within the energy and petrochemical market. One of the most powerful tools available for sulfur analysis, particularly with volatile and semi-volatile sample matrices, is gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection, or GC-SCD. This technology harnesses the separations power of a GC with the sulfur-specific and highly sensitive detection enabled by chemiluminescence. Despite its utility, traditional SCDs have suffered from issues with sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability, resulting in poor data quality and difficulty in maintenance.
There are three prominent test methods published by ASTM International that specify the use of GC-SCD for analysis: D5504 for natural gas and gaseous Fuels, D5623 for light hydrocarbon liquids, like gasoline, and D7011 for testing of trace thiophene in benzene. In this poster, we will demonstrate the applicability of Shimadzu’s new SCD-2030 for GC to compliance with these three common test methods. The SCD-2030 reimagines the traditional SCD to provide sensitive, reliable results for a variety of petrochemical applications.
Abstract # 260 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 2:35 PM - South Lobby
Development of a New Instrument Analytical Technique to Study the Tackiness of Lubricating Greases
- Koehler Instrument Company
- Koehler Instrument Company
- Koehler Instrument Company
Grease tackiness is a measure of the adhesive properties of a grease sample. These adhesive properties are the result of the high-weight polymers that greases are comprised of. Currently, the most common method of testing a grease’s tackiness is to use the finger test. The finger test is a qualitative test in which the tester places an unspecified amount of sample between their thumb and index finger and pull them apart to determine if a grease is of low, moderate, or high tackiness. In this poster, we discuss the development of a new instrument and procedure analogous to the finger test, but with quantitative results. The principle of pulling apart grease with one’s fingers is standardized with two metal plates that can accurately measure the force exerted to separate the sample. We have run tests on numerous grease samples with our new instrument in an attempt to generate a new test procedure along with repeatability and reproducibility for this refined technique.
Abstract # 265 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:30 AM - South Lobby
Good Sampling Procedures - How to analyze hydraulic fluids successfully
- Beckman Coulter
Oil analysis is carried out routinely on lubricating fluids with the purpose of determining if the fluid is performing as required, and that it is not contaminated. Up to 80% of hydraulic failures can be directly attributed to contamination, and so one critical parameter that is measured during routine oil analysis is particle counts. This is generally carried out using automatic particle counters. Other methods are available, but automatic particle counters provide fast, reliable, and repeatable results, and are widely used throughout the oil analysis industry. Sound sample collection and preparation are paramount to achieving accurate particle count results.
Abstract # 270 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 4:15 PM - South Lobby
Faster analysis using the GC Accelerator
- Restek Corporation
- Restek Corporation
- Restek Corporation
Minimizing analysis times is the primary method development goal of most labs. Whether developing a new analysis or making an old method faster, we strive to use every technique we picked up along the way to develop faster methods. When changing the parameters like carrier gas, column dimension and even oven ramps we are limited by our instrument capabilities. Instruments, for example; Agilent 6890 and 7890 with 120 V ovens, are often not able to meet fast ramp rates. Restek developed a GC Accelerator kit, which can be used to boost the GC’s ramp rate capability without any modifications to the hardware or software. By reducing oven volume, these inserts allow faster ramp rates to be attained, which reduces oven cycle time and allows for increased sample throughput. The benefits of faster ramping will be demonstrating using ASTM Method D2887B.
Abstract # 271 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 4:35 PM - South Lobby
Shorter columns for the analysis of monocyclic aromatic solvents
- Restek Corporation
- Restek Corporation
- Restek Corporation
Monocyclic aromatic solvents like benzene, p, m, o-xylenes, styrene, ethylbenzene, etc., are derived from reformates or synthesized, and therefore may contain reaction intermediates/unreacted starting material or other residual compounds. Determination of purity is vital for many labs since they are used as a starting component in synthesis of different plastics, drugs, insulation, shoes, cars, to name a few. Purity analysis by ASTM D7504 method is performed using a long polar column that separate un-retained non-polar hydrocarbons from aromatic hydrocarbons which are then individually reported. Faster analysis can be achieved using more efficient, shorter and narrower bore column. However, to meet the resolution requirements and minimum limits of detection, the sample loading capacity should be considered. Presented is our solution for switching to a shorter narrower bore column.
Abstract # 295 - Poster - 10/15/2019 - 10:05 AM - South Lobby
Evaluation of Various Column Sets for Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) in Transformer Oil
- Perkin Elmer
- Perkin Elmer
As a result of thermal and electrical conditions, insulating oil utilized in electrical transformers decomposes over time, forming light gases that dissolve into the transformer’s oil. Measuring the levels of the DG found in the insulating oil is one way to monitor the health of the transformer. If these gases are analyzed on a routine basis, a failing transformer can be identified and replaced without a power loss or the potential of a serious explosion. PerkinElmer’s Transformer Oil Gas Analyzer (TOGA) system, using a Clarus® 590 GC coupled with a Turbo Matrix™ Headspace sampler, has the capabilities to perform ASTM D3612 Method C for the detection of H2, O2, N2, CH4 (methane), CO, CO2, C2H2 (acetylene), C2H4(ethylene), C2H6(ethane), C3H6 (propylene) and C3H8(propane). This poster will give a general overview of multiple column sets available to perform the analysis and evaluate the selectivity, run time and resolution of each column set.
